Random Access Memory (RAM): A Computer’s High-Speed Memory

Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of volatile memory that temporarily stores data and instructions for active programs. It allows the CPU to quickly access information, significantly improving system speed and performance.


1. Key Features of RAM

Volatile Storage: Data is lost when the system powers off.


High-Speed Access: Faster than traditional storage devices like HDDs and SSDs.


Temporary Data Holding: Stores active programs and processes for quick retrieval.


2. Types of RAM

1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

Continuously refreshes data to maintain storage.


Common in system memory (e.g., DDR4, DDR5).


More affordable but slower than SRAM.


2. Static RAM (SRAM)

Retains data without constant refreshing.


Used in CPU caches (L1, L2, L3).


Faster but more expensive than DRAM.


3. RAM Form Factors

DIMM (Dual In-Line Memory Module): Found in desktops.


SO-DIMM (Small Outline DIMM): Used in laptops and compact systems.


4. Factors Affecting RAM Performance

Capacity (GB): More RAM allows for better multitasking.


Speed (MHz): Higher speeds enable faster data transfers.


Latency (CAS Latency - CL): Lower latency means quicker response times.


5. Virtual Memory and RAM

When RAM is full, the system uses part of the storage drive as virtual memory (page file or swap space). However, this is significantly slower than physical RAM.


6. RAM vs. Storage: Key Differences

Feature RAM Storage (HDD/SSD)

Speed Very fast Slower

Volatility Data lost on power-off Retains data permanently

Purpose Runs active programs Stores files long-term

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